Altitude valve
we are about to install altitude valve between 2 water tanks the 1st tank is 250 m (elev) and the other one is 90m elev. the valve will be for the lower one , the distance between them is about 2km and the diameter (600mm). The aim of installing this valve is to control the elevation of the tank, to work as pressure reducer and to prevent water hummer. Well it does this proposed work??
The altitude valve installed in line to the lower tank will provide head
loss (as you intend) and should cause a proportional amount of water to
divert to the other tank. Is it your intent to have equal filling rates
to both tanks?? You will have to calculate the proposed loss desired
and crank that into the pilot circuitry of the altitude valve. Be sure
to have a level sensing device in each tank to provide feed back, and a
to shut off the delivery system (pumps or shut off valves) when the
tank(s) reach max level. The tanks should be vented as well as have
overflows.
The valve if properly set-up can be used to control the
water elevation in the lower tank (it can act as a shut off). It will
reduce pressue in the line to the lower tank. I don't see it acting as a
water hammer prevention device, except in the speed with which it
closes (controlled via needle valves in the pilot lines).
If I guess your intention correctly the altitude valve is intended to
give you a better control on the flow to both tanks. Under normal
circumstance the lower tank will get filled first before the higher tank
as water always takes the line of the least resistance.
The
altitude idea sounds Ok but in practice there may be instability problem
with the control mechanism necessitating an expensive valve
manufactured for control purposes.
Your system characteristic of
the pipeline to the lower tank will be relatively flat and with a small
static lift (90m at flow=0, assuming the source of water from elevation
0) but the leg to the higher tank has both higher static lift (250m) and
a steep gradient on account of the extra 2km skin friction. When
plotting the two together on the same discharge/head graph the vertical
difference between the two is the head loss you need to replicate in the
altitude valve to produce equal flow in the system. It should be
obvious that the head loss needed to balance the flows will increase
with the discharge rate and continuous flow measurements will have to be
installed in at least one half of the system to acquire data for
continuously updating the setting of the altitude valve.
If one can control the flow in 50%:50% split one should be able to do it any other combination.
We
can leave out the effect of the change of the static lift by the water
level moving up the tank as this local effect can be overcome by taking
readings on the water level of both tanks to update the two pipeline
characteristics dynamically. Thus theoretically the altitude valve can
work satisfactorily.
The water hammer effect is unlikely to be a
problem as the altitude valve by its very nature will be slow acting and
the valve is controlled as described above. I could foresee problem
only if the control system malfunctions when the valve is allowed to
close quicker than the designed rate but this can be mitigated by
installing fail save dampers. Each pipeline has a pressure rating from
which the maximum flow change (or the valve closure time) must be
observed to avoid damage to the line.
I assume you are currently fill the upper tank with your source and it
is currently operating normally, you have a new tank? at the lower area
and you want to fill it using the upper tank as its source but not fill
it so fast that you lower the pressure in your upper service area.
as
such I would recomend an altitude valve with pressure sustaining
control loop (also known as a backpressure valve). The altitude portion
of the valve allows it to open if the lower tank is needing water,
while the pressure sustaining portion will only allow filling if there
is extra water available from the upper tank and the demand in the upper
zone is not taking everthing.
There are several manufactorers of
pilot controlled diaphram operated control globe valves, use one with a
long standing service rep in your area with a good supply of spare
parts. You do not want to wait a week to get a replacement gasket for
your valve five years from now.
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